The Radical Period of The French Revolution Essay

The Radical Period of The French Revolution By the end of 1971, Europe was preparing to witness the end of a seemingly triumphant revolution in France. The country was restructuring its government in a forceful and bloodless manner, while the tyrant King Louis the XVI agreed to the demands of the masses (albeit without much choice). However, due to the fanatical aspirations of men such as Danton, Marat and Robespierre,it would be only a matter of months before the moderate stage of social and political reform was transformed into a radical phase of barbaric and violent force. In their quest for freedom, equality and fraternity, the leaders of the Jacobins inadvertently turned the revolution into an oligarchic dictatorship†¦show more content†¦Moderate forces preferred to concentrate on the foreign affairs of new France, but the radicals insisted on domestic stability first. Led by the popular Danton and the merciless Marat, the Paris Commune discarded the old constitution and called for a National Convention to begin work on a new, revised version. The National Convention, divided by the moderate Girondins and the radical Jacobins, was the place where the future of the country was to be eventually determined. It was the premise of the Jacobins that they should eradicate the enemy within and secure the destiny of the revolution through the destruction of counter-revolutionary forces. They believed that by weeding out those who opposed the revolution, they could achieve their goals quickly and efficiently. The Girondins were not so quick to agree with the Jacobins, and so political deadlock begin to form in the Convention. It was not until after the September massacres, when 1200 prisoners were executed without trials, that Robespierre and his followers were able to justify their premise. They condemned the actions of the unruly mobs that caused the deaths of innocent Frenchmen and demanded that the Monarchy be abolished in order to eliminate as many of the royalists and monarchists that still remained. It was Marat with his want 100,000 heads to fall speeches that convinced the masses that those who were not in favour of the revolution had to be dealt with immediatelyShow MoreRelatedEssay On The French Revolution And American Revolution1370 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican and French Revolutions are both unforgettable historical events that have made a substantial and severe impact on the present-day society. The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783, where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence . The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. Both of these Revolutions can certainlyRead MoreThe Beginning of Radicalism in Politics1684 Words   |  7 Pages1797 when he declared a radical reform of the electoral system. This led people to use the term to show support for the movement of parliamentary reform. Radicalism was initially confined to the middle and upper classes in the 18th century but the lower classes advanced radicalism in the early 1800’s. Radicalism began for many reasons. The Scottish people began to see radical change through the Scottish enlightenment, the American Revolution and the French Revolution. Ideas of a Scottish enlightenmentRead MoreHow serious was the radical threat facing pitt in the period: 1789-18011206 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿How Serious Was the Radical Threat Facing Pitt In The Period 1789-1801? The French revolution broke out in 1789, and while at first Britain was pleased and welcomed the changes that the revolution brought to France (i.e. the new constitutional monarchy mirrored Britains political system in many ways.) Pitt and his government began to become worried when the revolution in France stepped up a gear and became more extreme, they obviously didnt want a repeat of the French experience in Britain. TheRead MoreEnlightenment Ideas And Causes Of The French Revolution988 Words   |  4 PagesFrench Revolution The kingdom of France was ruled by an Ancient Rà ©gime of the Monarchy, the clergy and the nobility for centuries and centuries. During the XVIII there was a lot of inequality between the moneyed and powerful clergy and the commoners. All the inequality of the time caused the French Revolution, a period in which the people gave an end the absolute monarchy and took control of the Government. There were two main reasons the French Revolution started; the Enlightenment Ideas and theRead MoreEdmund Burke and Thomas Paine: A Comparative Analysis of Their Views on the French Revolution913 Words   |  4 PagesBurke and Thomas Paine differed strongly on their views of the French revolution and the wisdom of the proceedings of the French National Assembly in 1789-90. In his book Reflections on the Revolution in France the conservative Edmund Burke argued that the concept of universal human rights that applied internationally across all societies was a meaningless abstraction that was subv ersive of social order, while in The Rights of Man the radical democrat Thomas Paine insisted that all human beings had equalRead MoreCharles Dickens A Tale Of Two Cities1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution is frequently referred to as one of the bloodiest time periods in history, being branded as an event that would evidently spawn ideals that were barely indulged in before and were built primarily on equality. The historical premise presented within Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities introduces similarities between the Revolutionaries he created, and of the prominence of the French Revolution, as well as the Revolution itself; however, its representation of figures as well as societyRead MoreCharles Dickens A Tale Of Two Cities1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution is frequently referred to as one of the bloodiest time periods in history, being branded as an event that would evidently spawn ideals that were barely indulged in before and were built primari ly on equality. The historical premise presented within Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities introduces similarities between the Revolutionaries he created, and of the prominence of the French Revolution, as well as the Revolution itself; however, its representation of figures as well as societyRead MoreThe Causes Of The French Revolution1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution was arguably one of the most significant and controversial events in European history. It occurred during the years 1789-1799 when many French citizens became enraged with society and demanded political, financial and social change. The French people’s primary goal was to put an end to monarchy and bring reform to many aspects of French life. Inspired and motivated by the famous American Revolution, French citizens were urged to take action in orderRead MoreFrance - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution)1156 Words   |  5 PagesFrance were best characterized by three different periods - the weak monarchy of King Louis XVI and the subsequent period of confusion after his removal from power, the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte and his downfall, and the new order brought about by the Congress of Vienna; central to these changes were Enlightenment influence, nationalism, and France s relations with other countries. However, despite the great social upheavals of this time period, gender roles remained more or less unchanged andRead MoreEffects Of Nationalism In The French Revolution1501 Words   |  7 Pages meant people of the same origin, the most common criteria for a nation were shared a language and history†. In case of France, the nationalism force was very effective and inevitable during the French revolution 1789. It was a great historical event brought many changes in France. Before the revolution, France was controlled by Ancient regime in which common people have had not freedom and rights. The financial crisis made by Louis XVI compelled to establishment of Estates General in which heavy

Art Movement Warhol And Elvis Presley - 1121 Words

The mid-twentieth century brought the arrival of the art movement known as Pop Art. The movement was given this name because its artwork was based on concepts of popular culture especially commercialism. One of the most notable artists of this period was Andy Warhol. Warhol did work with comics as Roy Lichtenstein, another prominent artist of the movement, was known for doing, but he ultimately abandoned them in pursuit of other approaches. Warhol is partially known for incorporating celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley into his work, but he also painted Campbell’s soup cans. These Campbell’s soup cans are the subject matter of Warhol’s art that will be specifically addressed here. Andy Warhol often asked others for ideas for his art, and though they offered suggestions, rarely did these ideas feel right to him. However, the idea for his famous Campbell’s soup cans was a significant exception. At a party one night, an art consultant by the name of Muriel Latow, told Warhol that he â€Å"‘should paint something that everybody sees every day†¦like cans of soup’† (Greenberg and Jordan 42). Andy accepted this challenge, and the rest is history. During his lifetime, Warhol went on to produce hundreds of Campbell’s soup cans. Perhaps the most significant design principle Warhol utilized in his soup cans series—and most of his artwork for that matter—is repetition. Warhol’s 1962 Campbell’s Soup Cans, for instance, has the repetition of thirty-two cans of Campbell’sShow MoreRelatedAttention Getter : The American Culture1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthese concepts into his artistic ability and thereby created a whole new culture in what we see is art today. This man who is considered one of the fathers of pop art goes by the name of Andy Warhol. or When we eat a slice of pizza we tend to wash it down with a bottle of Coke when we re feeling sick we tend to have some Campbell s chicken noodle soup when we think of rock n roll the name Elvis Presley comes to mind and for America s sweetheart and movie actress there is none other than MarilynRead MoreIs Andy Warhol a Genius of Art and Culture?793 Words   |  3 PagesThis research paper studies the graft and career of Andy Warhol and presents the question of whether Warhol should be regarded--as a genius of art or a culture thief. Many credit Andy Warhol with revolutionizing and influencing 20th Century art and culture. However, Although Warhol had a successful and rewarding life; His childhood was nothing less than average. His life was a struggle: As young lad he contracted rheumatic fever and as a result he suffered from neurological problems. His was bornRead MoreAnalysis Of Warhol s First Solo New York Exhibit At Eleanor Ward s Stable Gallery1329 Words   |  6 Pageswas one of the many famous quotes uttered by the eccentric yet revolutionary artist, Andy Warhol. At first one might think this quote would be the word of an advertising agent and indeed it is. This very idea, however, is what created the commercialized idea of Pop Art in the 1960s. Andy Warhol’s background as a commercial illustrator provided him with the ability to pioneer a new artistic movement. Warhol highlights the American shift towards consumerism through his work by using the techniquesRead MoreAndy Warhol: Influence on the Twentieth Century Pop Art Movement1065 Words   |  5 PagesAs a profound influence on the twentieth century pop art movement, Andy Warhol ascended to become a cornerstone in the modern art world. After taking cues from society in the mid-twentieth century, as well as conversing with Muriel Latow, Warhol did what many artists strived to do but failed. Andy also extracted many of his ideas from other artists and built on them. He put a culture on ca nvas and revolutionized pop art for a life time. The nineteen sixties, seventies, and eighties were periodsRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesAs a profound influence on the twentieth century pop art movement, Andy Warhol ascended to become a cornerstone in the modern art world. After taking cues from society in the mid-twentieth century, as well as conversing with Muriel Latow, Warhol did what many artists strived to do but failed. Andy also extracted many of his ideas from other artists and built on them. He put a culture on canvas and revolutionized pop art for a life time. The nineteen sixties, seventies, and eighties were periodsRead MoreWarhol And The Pop Art Movement2609 Words   |  11 PagesAndy Warhol being not simply a Pop artist, but an American artist who was known as the master of Pop Art, and about two of Warhol’s most famous paintings; Coca-Cola and Campbell’s Soup Cans. Andy Warhol was an artist and filmmaker, an initiator for the Pop Art movement in the 1960s. Warhol used mass production techniques to elevate art into the supposed unoriginality of the commercial culture of the United States. Warhol’s early drawings frequently recalls the Anglo-Saxon tradition of nonsense humorRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesI selected Andy Warhol because I have long admired his crazy, quirky, unconventional style of producing works of art from normal, everyday subjects ranging from inanimate, normally unnoticed objects to pop culture celebrity icons. I first heard of him in 1986 when his show Andy Warhols Fifte en Minutes aired on MTV. The show featured Andy interviewing what he thought was the next up-and-coming musical sensations about to get their fifteen minutes of fame. Two years later on a poster in theRead MoreDo A Work Of Fine Art?1157 Words   |  5 Pageswork of fine art. What came to mind? Was it a painting by Van Gogh, or Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans, a current pop song, or a symphony by Beethoven, a piece of literature authored by Emily Brontà «, or one by the Kardashians? Due to its objectivity, art is all encompassing: It can be anything created, written, performed, or photographed within which someone finds beauty. Conversely, fine art is exclusive and elite as evidenced by its’ name and the distinction between itself and art as a whole.Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of Research On Andy Warhol2354 Words   |  10 PagesAndy Warhol Hereunder is a list of resources broken categorically into three sections: books, video footage and interviews. All of which I will be using in further development of my research paper on Andy Warhol (a.k.a. Andrew Warhola). Following each citation I have written a brief summary pertaining to that particular material and why I chose to use it for my research paper. Although he was not a painter and could not paint very well, according to his own understanding,  ¹ Andy Warhol  ² didRead MoreAmerican Pop Art Essay2717 Words   |  11 Pagesmedias influence on both the formal and iconographic features of American Pop Art. Centre your discussion on one or two examples each of the work of the following artists: Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg, Roy Lichtenstein, Tom Wesselmann, James Rosenquist. Pop Art is one of the major art movements of the Twentieth Century. Characterized by themes and techniques drawn from mass culture such as advertising and comic books, pop art is widely interpreted as a reaction to the ideas of abstract expressionism

Importance Of Energy Efficiency In Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The World Business Council for sustainable development ( WBCSD ) identifies edifices as one of the chief sectors where â€Å" megatrends † are needed to transform the manner is energy used. The International Energy Agency ( IEA ) estimates that current tendencies in energy demand for edifices will excite about half of energy supply investings till 2030. The fuel crises in 1972-73 generated worldwide attempts to conserve fossil fuel and research for the alternate beginnings of energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Energy Efficiency In Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The usage of energy in edifices has increased in recent old ages due to the turning demand for warming and chilling in edifices. Though betterments have been made towards accomplishing energy efficiency in edifices, nevertheless, there is a demand for a more incorporate attack.[ I ] Buildings are responsible for at least 40-50 % of energy usage in most states. The absolute figure is lifting fast, as building roars, particularly in developed states such as China, UAE and India. It is indispensable to move now, because edifices can do a major part to undertaking clime alteration.[ two ] Today in modern edifices Heating, Lighting, Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems are required to be more energy efficient while adhering to an ever-increasing demand for better indoor air quality and public presentation. Researchers believe that it is possible to obtain nest eggs of around 30 % through the usage of new and better design techniques and tools. Most of these nest eggs are based on an incorporate system design attack. The focal point of Architectural pattern has remained â€Å" object devising † and small attending is being paid to analysing the public presentation of the edifice. Though many tools are available to entree the energy public presentation of edifices, nevertheless, there usage has remained really limited. 2.1.1 Importance of Energy Efficiency in Buildings Integrating energy efficient design features into edifices has become a top precedence in recent old ages. Because energy-efficient edifices cut down both resource depletion and the inauspicious environmental impacts of pollution generated by energy production, it is frequently considered to be the basis of sustainable design. Low energy edifice design is non merely the consequence of using one or more stray engineerings. Rather, requires protagonism and action on the portion of the design squad throughout the full undertaking development procedure. The whole-building attack is easy worth the clip and attempt, as it can salvage 30 % or more in energy costs over a conventional edifice design. Indeed, one of the cardinal attacks for energy efficient design is to put in the edifice ‘s signifier and enclosure ( e.g. , Windowss, walls ) so that the warming, chilling, and illuming tonss are reduced, and in bend, smaller, less dearly-won warming, ventilating, and air conditioning syst ems are needed. In planing energy efficient edifices, it is of import to appreciate that the underlying intent of the edifice is neither to salvage nor utilize energy. Rather, the edifice is at that place to function the residents and their activities. An apprehension of edifice tenancy and activities can take to constructing designs that non merely salvage energy and cut down costs, but besides better resident comfort and workplace public presentation. As such, low-energy edifice design is a critical constituent of sustainable, green A ; energy efficient design. The energy efficient design procedure begins when the residents ‘ demands are assessed and a undertaking budget is established. The proposed edifice is carefully sited and its programmed infinites are carefully arranged to cut down energy usage for warming, chilling, and illuming. Its warming and chilling tonss are minimized by planing standard edifice elements windows, walls, and roofs so that they control, collect, and store the Sun ‘s energy to optimal advantage. These inactive solar design schemes besides require that peculiar attending be paid to constructing orientation and glazing. Take together, they form the footing of integrated, whole edifice design. Finally, by integrating edifice incorporate photovoltaics into the installation, some conventional edifice envelope stuffs can be replaced by energy bring forthing engineerings. For illustration, photovoltaics can be integrated into window, wall, or roof assemblies, and spandrel glass, fanlights, and roof become bo th portion of the edifice tegument and a beginning of power coevals. 2.1.2 Scope of Energy Efficiency in Pakistan Pakistan faces really serious energy jobs particularly for the last one decennary. Its energy resources base is limited. Its domestic production will non maintain gait with the rise in demand. Energy sector experts estimate that by the mid of 2010, the demand of electricity would be about 22,000 megawatts. This figure points at the built-in deficit of about 3,000 megawatts even if the installed capacity performs the best. During the extremum season, this deficit could make anyplace from 4,000 to 6,000 megawatts. Pakistan produces electricity with three beginnings i.e. hydroelectric ( 6,463 megawatts, 33 % ) , thermic ( 12,580 megawatts, 65 % ) and atomic ( 462 megawatts, 2 % ) . Because of the H2O deficit in winter, the potency of hydroelectric powers falls dramatically. Load direction plan is traveling on during the whole twelvemonth ; the job has intensified in the last twosome of old ages. Besides the economic and fiscal attempt associated with the enlargement of the electricity sector, there is a demand to develop a guideline for the maximal use of the energy resources we have. As the edifice sector including Industries, Commercial As ; Office Buildings, Domestic edifices, devour 76 % electricity ; the edifices should be addressed decently sing the energy efficiency. National edifice codifications that include energy efficiency considerations can be an effectual tool to guarantee the edifices efficiency for minimal energy ingestion. 2.2 Focus Problem In Pakistan increased population, industrialisation and commercial activities has generated an energy demand. A However, a critical rating would uncover that most of the current edifices are non designed maintaining in position the local climatic conditions. Excessive usage of concrete and glass, high degrees of light and heavy trust on infinite conditioning equipment are a common characteristic of our edifices. These edifices need excess energy to be made comfy for their residents. So there is a demand to turn to the energy issues related to these edifices at their conceptual phase. 2.3 Area of Focus In Pakistan a broad scope of commercial / office edifices, get downing from a individual floor construction to high rise multi floor edifices. Sing the range of work, it is non possible to spread out the research canvas for all edifice types. The current research will be focused to research the energy issues merely in high rise office edifices. 2.4 Aims The chief aim of the research is to look into the undermentioned schemes ; To look into which edifice constituents and systems are responsible for energy ingestion in high rise office edifices. To place how much energy is consumed in such edifices. To place tools that may used for the appraisal of energy public presentation in edifices. 2.5 Research Methodology Methodology or usage of different methods is needed to accomplish the chief aim of research. A wide scope of information was needed. Much of this was done from assorted books, literature, and research repapers. Some trouble was encountered in the hunt of suited energy imitating tool for the intent of energy simulation of the selected instance surveies. Finally â€Å" eQuest † was selected for energy simulation tool ; as it is really effectual for constructing energy simulation with friendly graphical user interface. A elaborate survey is carried out with the aid of the user ‘s manual to understand the package before its application on the instance surveies. An country in Lahore is identified for the choice of instance surveies. Two office edifices were selected on the footing of research aims. A field study was besides carried out to analyze the selected countries of the metropolis of Lahore The energy simulation procedure requires a informations aggregation from all related advisers of the selected edifices. Before the choice of a instance survey it was really of import that all concerned informations required for the package â€Å" eQuest † should be available from the related advisers. How to cite Importance Of Energy Efficiency In Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Orv Madden and Hot Topic free essay sample

In the 80s when MTV was a big thing to the teenagers and young adults with playing modern music and culture, Madden saw that there could be a large market for music influenced apparel and accessories which was being largely overlooked by many national stores. He decided to see if he could capture this market. In 1989 Hot Topic was founded. In a very risky move on his part Madden put all of their savings into starting the first store. This store sold t-shirts with logos of popular bands, music posters and trendy costume jewelry. The store is described as catering to the alternative culture and keeping up with the quick changing tastes of teenagers. The store broke even in the first year. In the next few years Madden raised over $11 million from investors wanting in on this market. With this money Madden started other stores throughout the country still following the â€Å"Gothic†- style lighting that shocked parent and delighted kids. Hot Topics target consumers are kids 12 to 22 years old. Their merchandise is t-shirts, pants, makeup, and jewelry meant to go anywhere but ones ear lobes. Many people thought that Hot Topic would fail because it was based on the trends and tastes of punk or alternative teenagers which changed rapidly. Madden thought about this a lot. He bought a 45,000 foot warehouse for his distribution space and his management team. They employed dozens of buyers who were responsible for keeping up with music and teen fashion. The atmosphere at the headquarters was open and he kept the hierarchy to a minimum. There were no cubicles, no dress code and the entire area was covered with huge video screens playing the newest music videos throughout the day. This was and is totally different from the offices of then and now. This openness is a big part on the companys success and rapid growth. Madden encouraged the employees to take an active role in the development and introduction of new ideas for the company. He would even pay for the ticket to any concert a sales person desired to attend if they would write up a fashion report the following day. This was a very effective way of keeping up with the trends of teens and young adults in any region. By 1996 Hot Topic had opened almost 80 locations nationwide and had sales over $44 million. In May of 1996 Hot Topic started selling stock in the company. Madden retained 30 percent ownership in the company which a year later was valued at over $100 million. In 1997 there were only 79 Hot Topic stores by the end on the next year they had almost double that to 128 locations. This is also the time that Hot Topic undertook the introduction of its own label, which was called Morbid, they produced everything from t-shirts to make-up. Since the majority of the sales consisted on the music-inspired products of t-shirts with band logos to CDs, Hot Topic decided to develop a licensing agreement with the major distributors as Sony Music and Winterland. This allowed them to have a very quick access to popular product lines and logos. They also started selling items that were hooked to the controversial sitcom â€Å"South Park†. Today there are over 690 store locations across the United States and Puerto Rico. The majority of these are still located in shopping malls. They now specialize in music and pop-culture-related fashion and merchandise including: clothing, boos, comics, video games, jewelry, CDs, records, posters, and many other items. They also back major concert festival like Ozzfest and The Rockstar Energy Drink Mayhem Festival. They also offer products from Tripp NYC, Heartcore Clothing, Morbid Threads, Disney, Iron Fist, and My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic just to name a few. Some major brands have allowed Hot Topic to release their concert wear to the general public before they appear on television or at concerts wearing them. The stores have even held what they call in-store â€Å"listening parties† where fans could hear new albums or singles before they were released. They have also branched out to have more merchandise from films and television shows hoping to reach yet another part of the ever changing teenage taste. Always looking for any market that they might be missing, Hot Topic owns and operates a chain of plus-size clothing stores. These stores offer more clubwear and workwear for the young plus-sized woman. This plus-size clothing chain is called Torrid which began it operations in 2001. Since the beginning of the first Hot Topic store they have had very little turnover in their top management. Orv Madden opened the first store in 1988 and retired as CEO in 2000. He was replaced by Betsy McLaughlin, who was the CEO until 2011. The CEO in now Lisa Harper who took over in March of 2011. This low rate of turnover is very helpful in the success of the company. Approximately 30 percent of Hot Topics revenue comes from the sale of licensed band t-shirts. Hot Topic also is an online retailer. Again this is reaching a sector on the population that is not close to a Hot Topic store. So far it seems like Hot Topic is just out to make money for the company and their investors but it is much more. In 2004 the Hot Topic Foundation was formed. This foundation focus on encouraging children and youth in the pursuit of music and the arts. It has granted approximately $4 million to more that 70 organizations throughout the U. S. Recipients have included the Chicago International Childrens Film Festival, Little Kids Rock, Heart of Los Angeles, MIND Institute, the Chicago Humanities Festival, Rock Against Cancer, Inner-City Arts, Big Thought, IFP Chicago, Spy Hop Productions, Footlights Inc. , Carolina Studios Corporation and the KIPP Bayview Academy. Money is raised through sales of guitar picks , exclusive music compilations, mints, and reusable shopping bags. Hot Topic began that foundation because they saw what all of these diseases were doing to the people of the world. So in their reaction to that the started the foundation to see if they would be able to help fund to be able to find a cure. Each store sells Brest cancer bracelets and also pink guitar picks that have the ribbon on them so then that money goes just to finding the cure of breast cancer. In 2010 Hot Topic finally went international and opened two stores in Canada. Keeping up with the original store they are both in shopping malls. Orv Madden and Hot Topic is a great example of a company that had every right to fail. No matter if the economy was good or bad they still seem to keep going and making a profit. I account this to the idea of keeping the upper management to a minimum and doing everything that they can to stay on top of the ever changing tastes of the modern youth.