How sleep deprivation affects your productivity

How lack of sleep influences your profitability Did you realize dozing can help your forces of efficiency alongside invigorating your cerebrum? Correct, a decent night’s rest can have a tremendous effect in your capacity to be profitable grinding away. From creating new plans to considering smart answers for issues, resting soundly can carry huge changes to your life. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine accentuates the significance of seven to eight hours of rest for a normal grown-up for ideal usage of their subjective capacities and generally speaking execution. A portion of the serious issues that develop out of lack of sleep are a decrease in subjective presentation, disabled memory, absence of spatial mindfulness, poor dynamic and eased back response time. These are a portion of the momentary issues that develop out of lack of sleep. In any case, examines show that drawn out lack of sleep can have unfavorable long haul impacts like decrease in invulnerability and life expectancy, negative effect on learning and memo ry and manifestations of ADHD.Here’s how an absence of rest can influence your presentation at work†¦Impaired choice makingWhen you need rest, you are denied of a sound brain which powers the capacities to assess situations and condemn dependent on those appraisals. These capacities are urgent to the execution of any assignment that requires coherent thinking from complex comprehension. Without a satisfactory handle of a sound psyche, you might be progressively inclined to committing errors at work because of an expanded inclination to settle on incautious and foolish choices or just hindering work progress in the more troublesome endeavor to forestall the former.Limited learning and memory capacitiesThe procedure of picking up, holding and improving aptitudes and capacities vigorously depend on your working memory limit, one which decides the exhibition of your subjective on the web (continuous) preparing. Examination proposes that while you are snoozing, your memory fr ameworks are as yet dynamic and dozing essentially fortifies existing memories.â During Rapid Eye Movement (REM) rest, your cerebrum additionally cuts off superfluous neuron associations while looking after others; which means rest improves your memory by specifically both reinforcing and killing shaped neural associations. In a condition of lack of sleep, your ability for proficient memory maintenance is generously upset, frustrating beneficial growth.Toxicity towards physical and passionate healthHealth ramifications of a sleeping disorder, while never as a rule the need, ought to never be trivialized. Rest assumes a fundamental job in your physical wellbeing by both strengthening your safe framework against contaminations by means of boosting defensive cytokine creation and bringing down your danger of diabetes, corpulence, and cardiovascular infections. Lacking rest will decidedly add to a decrease in your physiological state, adversely affecting your work execution. It has be en discovered that lack of sleep can bargain your intellectual handling and intensify the littlest measure of enthusiastic disturbance, making you increasingly bad tempered and flighty. This obstructs your official capacities, rendering you less productive.Not getting enough rest or low quality of rest influences your capacity to convey in practically all aspects of life. Be it work or home, a sleeping disorder or not resting soundly can make things extremely hard for you. In any case, getting a legitimate rest can without a doubt fathom every one of your issues and can improve your capacity to be profitable. An unusual rest cycle is related with mellow melancholy and tension issue, particularly in individuals who are confronting enthusiastic fights. Wheezing can likewise be an explanation behind irregular rest, distinctive wheezing arrangements can at last spare you from this genuine disorder.We’ve secured what can occur with a poor night’s rest, yet these capacities can improve with a strong 7-8 hours. Here’s how a decent night’s rest can assist you with turning out to be more productive†¦It makes you energeticThis appears glaringly evident however it’s a well established truth that getting a decent night’s rest can give you bunches of vitality and a state of mind help. It loosens up your body and mind and sets you up for the following day. From improving your activity execution to helping you remain beneficial at home, resting soundly can likewise advance your health.Boosts memoryRemember when we discussed what occurs during REM rest? The mind expels superfluous neural associations and fortifies the psychological bonds assembling your recollections while you nap. Go an excessive number of evenings without REM rest and your recollections become murky. With a steady night’s rest, you really get an opportunity of recalling that report you’re expected to submit at 9 AM.It makes you a quicker learnerLe arning new things easily falls into place for a new psyche. Your mind gets more grounded and works quicker. So whether you’re at work or in class, never bargain your nature of rest. With a solid body and sound psyche, you’ll open the entryways of opportunity.While we continually center around how we can escalate our remaining task at hand to siphon up creation, we regularly endanger our wellbeing to complete everything. Recall that adequate rest is central to a fruitful life.Sleep tight, everyone!About the Author: Katherine Dilworth is a spouse, mother, and blogger on caseydilworth.com,â a blog that centers around giving wheezing answers for everybody.

The World in my image Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The World in my picture - Research Paper Example It isn't to no end then that there exist a few universal bodies, of which practically all nations of the world have a place with one of them or the other. In view of the need to guaranteeing that national choices made comply with worldwide standards and guidelines, approach creators have a lot of undertaking to realize with regards to satisfying the said guidelines and rule in the definition and usage of national strategies. It is hence that the need to contemplate universal frameworks to have a more pleasant thought of the current picture of the global framework ought to consistently be a need to arrangement producers. In the current exposition in this manner, a scholarly point of view is given of the present world picture with regards to worldwide frameworks. Such investigation of the present universal framework would impact dynamic at the national and worldwide levels for strategy creators. Outline of the International System The term global framework is enormously impacted by beh aviorism in that the individual frameworks of human conduct have prompted the different hypotheses of universal framework, being composed into two significant parts or viewpoints. These viewpoints are international strategy point of view and global framework investigation viewpoint (Britannica, 2012). A portion of the key speculations that make up the international strategy point of view are the manner by which individual states are administered and classes. Under this, notice can be made of some key order of individual States, for example, law based countries and fascism States. At the international strategy level consequently, countries are better seen as individual expresses that have the opportunity to work from exceptionally individualistic perspectives without considering the need to adjust of exacting global norms (Gilpin, 2002). This is without a doubt where the subject of complete sway comes in. At the global framework examination point of view or level in any case, there a re significant speculations that manages how countries collaborate with one another. This viewpoint or level has been viewed as a significant restricting need as no individual country can evidence to be autonomous to the point that it would not have to collaborate with different countries in a single manner or the other to get fundamental social and financial help. At the worldwide framework examination level, the limits of individual countries are considered in the relations however the basic factor is that every country should work inside a kept determination of guidelines and lead. Structure and nature of the contemporary worldwide framework According to Dessler et al (1997), the best portrayal that can be given to the structure and nature of the universal framework is and â€Å"organization of units that develops suddenly from their interaction.† It could be seen that the depiction set forth by Dessler et al (1997) is legitimately established in the two viewpoints of glob al framework talked about before. This is on the grounds that at the discrete level, States communicate with themselves and because of their associations, which are regularly impacted by the international strategy point of view, a cooperation is created. Consequently, the connection brings forth the universal framework examination viewpoint lastly types of the structure of the global framework, which as per Waltz (2010), when shaped â€Å"cannot be constrained by the discrete units from which it was first formed.† essentially, the structure of

How Anxiety May Affect Your Relationships

How Anxiety May Affect Your Relationships GAD Coping Print How Anxiety May Affect Your Relationships Are You Overly Dependent or Avoidant? By William Meek Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 05, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Noel Hendrickson / Digital Vision / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Being Overly Dependent Combating Dependence Being Avoidant Combating Avoidance Treating Your Anxiety View All Having  generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)  can negatively impact many aspects of your life, including your relationships. Here are two specific ways in which your anxiety can lead to problems maintaining connections with others, as well as strategies you can implement (under the guidance of a mental health professional) to help you navigate these unhealthy attachment patterns. Being Overly Dependent Some people with GAD have an intense desire for closeness to their partners (or friend), depending on them constantly for support and reassurance. Along with being overly dependent, people with GAD may find themselves prone to overthinking, planning for all worst-case scenarios, being indecisive, fearing rejection, and seeking out constant communication (and getting anxious if a partner or friend does not respond quickly).?? People with GAD and overly dependent relationships may also struggle with anger toward those they feel dependent on, acting out in ways that are destructive to their relationships. Combating Problematic Dependency If you find yourself developing overly dependent attachments, developing ways to cope with your anxiety and relying more on yourself for feeling better can take the pressure off your partner or friend. For instance, if you find yourself becoming angry or suspicious in these relationships, first remind yourself that this may  be fueled by your anxiety. Then, take a few moments to think about any hard data (facts) that support your worry to try and regain some perspective. A therapist who specializes in a type of talk therapy called  cognitive-behavioral therapy  can help you devise strategies on how to reassure yourself and take thoughtful action on your own, instead of needing your partner for comfort each time you are anxious.?? Being Avoidant On the other end of the spectrum, some people with GAD become avoidant of relationships as a way of dealing with their anxiety. They may avoid negative emotions (for example, disappointment or frustration) by not revealing their feelings, opening up, or being vulnerable. A person who is avoidant of close relationships may be experienced as cold, emotionally unavailable, lacking empathy, or even stand-offish, even though they may long for closeness.     Combating Avoidance If you find yourself being overly distant in your relationships,  cognitive behavioral therapy, alson with other types of therapy, such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, may be helpful. A mental health professional can help a person explore past and present relationships and the emotions surrounding those interpersonal connections.?? Treating Your Anxiety and Relationship Problems A therapist will also explore how GAD impacts your relationships. For instance, exploring your emotions more deeply may be a good strategy for someone who tends to be avoidant in relationships. On the flip side, this strategy may backfire for people who are more dependent on others and emotionally reactive. Its important to note that medication is also often an essential part of treatment for people with GAD. While the medications prescribed for anxiety, like selective  serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake  inhibitors, are not curative, they can help decrease your symptoms and help you feel better as you rework your anxious thoughts and behaviors with your therapist.   A Word From Verywell While anxiety  can be healthy (it can motivate people and/or help them sense danger within their environment), for people with GAD, their anxiety is overwhelming and debilitating, which can be extremely detrimental to relationships.   But rest assured, with proper treatment, you can develop healthy, long-lasting, and fulfilling connections with others.

The Radical Period of The French Revolution Essay

The Radical Period of The French Revolution By the end of 1971, Europe was preparing to witness the end of a seemingly triumphant revolution in France. The country was restructuring its government in a forceful and bloodless manner, while the tyrant King Louis the XVI agreed to the demands of the masses (albeit without much choice). However, due to the fanatical aspirations of men such as Danton, Marat and Robespierre,it would be only a matter of months before the moderate stage of social and political reform was transformed into a radical phase of barbaric and violent force. In their quest for freedom, equality and fraternity, the leaders of the Jacobins inadvertently turned the revolution into an oligarchic dictatorship†¦show more content†¦Moderate forces preferred to concentrate on the foreign affairs of new France, but the radicals insisted on domestic stability first. Led by the popular Danton and the merciless Marat, the Paris Commune discarded the old constitution and called for a National Convention to begin work on a new, revised version. The National Convention, divided by the moderate Girondins and the radical Jacobins, was the place where the future of the country was to be eventually determined. It was the premise of the Jacobins that they should eradicate the enemy within and secure the destiny of the revolution through the destruction of counter-revolutionary forces. They believed that by weeding out those who opposed the revolution, they could achieve their goals quickly and efficiently. The Girondins were not so quick to agree with the Jacobins, and so political deadlock begin to form in the Convention. It was not until after the September massacres, when 1200 prisoners were executed without trials, that Robespierre and his followers were able to justify their premise. They condemned the actions of the unruly mobs that caused the deaths of innocent Frenchmen and demanded that the Monarchy be abolished in order to eliminate as many of the royalists and monarchists that still remained. It was Marat with his want 100,000 heads to fall speeches that convinced the masses that those who were not in favour of the revolution had to be dealt with immediatelyShow MoreRelatedEssay On The French Revolution And American Revolution1370 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican and French Revolutions are both unforgettable historical events that have made a substantial and severe impact on the present-day society. The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783, where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence . The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. 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Inspired and motivated by the famous American Revolution, French citizens were urged to take action in orderRead MoreFrance - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution)1156 Words   |  5 PagesFrance were best characterized by three different periods - the weak monarchy of King Louis XVI and the subsequent period of confusion after his removal from power, the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte and his downfall, and the new order brought about by the Congress of Vienna; central to these changes were Enlightenment influence, nationalism, and France s relations with other countries. However, despite the great social upheavals of this time period, gender roles remained more or less unchanged andRead MoreEffects Of Nationalism In The French Revolution1501 Words   |  7 Pages meant people of the same origin, the most common criteria for a nation were shared a language and history†. In case of France, the nationalism force was very effective and inevitable during the French revolution 1789. 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Art Movement Warhol And Elvis Presley - 1121 Words

The mid-twentieth century brought the arrival of the art movement known as Pop Art. The movement was given this name because its artwork was based on concepts of popular culture especially commercialism. One of the most notable artists of this period was Andy Warhol. Warhol did work with comics as Roy Lichtenstein, another prominent artist of the movement, was known for doing, but he ultimately abandoned them in pursuit of other approaches. Warhol is partially known for incorporating celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley into his work, but he also painted Campbell’s soup cans. These Campbell’s soup cans are the subject matter of Warhol’s art that will be specifically addressed here. Andy Warhol often asked others for ideas for his art, and though they offered suggestions, rarely did these ideas feel right to him. However, the idea for his famous Campbell’s soup cans was a significant exception. At a party one night, an art consultant by the name of Muriel Latow, told Warhol that he â€Å"‘should paint something that everybody sees every day†¦like cans of soup’† (Greenberg and Jordan 42). Andy accepted this challenge, and the rest is history. During his lifetime, Warhol went on to produce hundreds of Campbell’s soup cans. Perhaps the most significant design principle Warhol utilized in his soup cans series—and most of his artwork for that matter—is repetition. Warhol’s 1962 Campbell’s Soup Cans, for instance, has the repetition of thirty-two cans of Campbell’sShow MoreRelatedAttention Getter : The American Culture1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthese concepts into his artistic ability and thereby created a whole new culture in what we see is art today. 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Importance Of Energy Efficiency In Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The World Business Council for sustainable development ( WBCSD ) identifies edifices as one of the chief sectors where â€Å" megatrends † are needed to transform the manner is energy used. The International Energy Agency ( IEA ) estimates that current tendencies in energy demand for edifices will excite about half of energy supply investings till 2030. The fuel crises in 1972-73 generated worldwide attempts to conserve fossil fuel and research for the alternate beginnings of energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Energy Efficiency In Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The usage of energy in edifices has increased in recent old ages due to the turning demand for warming and chilling in edifices. Though betterments have been made towards accomplishing energy efficiency in edifices, nevertheless, there is a demand for a more incorporate attack.[ I ] Buildings are responsible for at least 40-50 % of energy usage in most states. The absolute figure is lifting fast, as building roars, particularly in developed states such as China, UAE and India. It is indispensable to move now, because edifices can do a major part to undertaking clime alteration.[ two ] Today in modern edifices Heating, Lighting, Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems are required to be more energy efficient while adhering to an ever-increasing demand for better indoor air quality and public presentation. Researchers believe that it is possible to obtain nest eggs of around 30 % through the usage of new and better design techniques and tools. Most of these nest eggs are based on an incorporate system design attack. The focal point of Architectural pattern has remained â€Å" object devising † and small attending is being paid to analysing the public presentation of the edifice. Though many tools are available to entree the energy public presentation of edifices, nevertheless, there usage has remained really limited. 2.1.1 Importance of Energy Efficiency in Buildings Integrating energy efficient design features into edifices has become a top precedence in recent old ages. Because energy-efficient edifices cut down both resource depletion and the inauspicious environmental impacts of pollution generated by energy production, it is frequently considered to be the basis of sustainable design. Low energy edifice design is non merely the consequence of using one or more stray engineerings. Rather, requires protagonism and action on the portion of the design squad throughout the full undertaking development procedure. The whole-building attack is easy worth the clip and attempt, as it can salvage 30 % or more in energy costs over a conventional edifice design. Indeed, one of the cardinal attacks for energy efficient design is to put in the edifice ‘s signifier and enclosure ( e.g. , Windowss, walls ) so that the warming, chilling, and illuming tonss are reduced, and in bend, smaller, less dearly-won warming, ventilating, and air conditioning syst ems are needed. In planing energy efficient edifices, it is of import to appreciate that the underlying intent of the edifice is neither to salvage nor utilize energy. Rather, the edifice is at that place to function the residents and their activities. An apprehension of edifice tenancy and activities can take to constructing designs that non merely salvage energy and cut down costs, but besides better resident comfort and workplace public presentation. As such, low-energy edifice design is a critical constituent of sustainable, green A ; energy efficient design. The energy efficient design procedure begins when the residents ‘ demands are assessed and a undertaking budget is established. The proposed edifice is carefully sited and its programmed infinites are carefully arranged to cut down energy usage for warming, chilling, and illuming. Its warming and chilling tonss are minimized by planing standard edifice elements windows, walls, and roofs so that they control, collect, and store the Sun ‘s energy to optimal advantage. These inactive solar design schemes besides require that peculiar attending be paid to constructing orientation and glazing. Take together, they form the footing of integrated, whole edifice design. Finally, by integrating edifice incorporate photovoltaics into the installation, some conventional edifice envelope stuffs can be replaced by energy bring forthing engineerings. For illustration, photovoltaics can be integrated into window, wall, or roof assemblies, and spandrel glass, fanlights, and roof become bo th portion of the edifice tegument and a beginning of power coevals. 2.1.2 Scope of Energy Efficiency in Pakistan Pakistan faces really serious energy jobs particularly for the last one decennary. Its energy resources base is limited. Its domestic production will non maintain gait with the rise in demand. Energy sector experts estimate that by the mid of 2010, the demand of electricity would be about 22,000 megawatts. This figure points at the built-in deficit of about 3,000 megawatts even if the installed capacity performs the best. During the extremum season, this deficit could make anyplace from 4,000 to 6,000 megawatts. Pakistan produces electricity with three beginnings i.e. hydroelectric ( 6,463 megawatts, 33 % ) , thermic ( 12,580 megawatts, 65 % ) and atomic ( 462 megawatts, 2 % ) . Because of the H2O deficit in winter, the potency of hydroelectric powers falls dramatically. Load direction plan is traveling on during the whole twelvemonth ; the job has intensified in the last twosome of old ages. Besides the economic and fiscal attempt associated with the enlargement of the electricity sector, there is a demand to develop a guideline for the maximal use of the energy resources we have. As the edifice sector including Industries, Commercial As ; Office Buildings, Domestic edifices, devour 76 % electricity ; the edifices should be addressed decently sing the energy efficiency. National edifice codifications that include energy efficiency considerations can be an effectual tool to guarantee the edifices efficiency for minimal energy ingestion. 2.2 Focus Problem In Pakistan increased population, industrialisation and commercial activities has generated an energy demand. A However, a critical rating would uncover that most of the current edifices are non designed maintaining in position the local climatic conditions. Excessive usage of concrete and glass, high degrees of light and heavy trust on infinite conditioning equipment are a common characteristic of our edifices. These edifices need excess energy to be made comfy for their residents. So there is a demand to turn to the energy issues related to these edifices at their conceptual phase. 2.3 Area of Focus In Pakistan a broad scope of commercial / office edifices, get downing from a individual floor construction to high rise multi floor edifices. Sing the range of work, it is non possible to spread out the research canvas for all edifice types. The current research will be focused to research the energy issues merely in high rise office edifices. 2.4 Aims The chief aim of the research is to look into the undermentioned schemes ; To look into which edifice constituents and systems are responsible for energy ingestion in high rise office edifices. To place how much energy is consumed in such edifices. To place tools that may used for the appraisal of energy public presentation in edifices. 2.5 Research Methodology Methodology or usage of different methods is needed to accomplish the chief aim of research. A wide scope of information was needed. Much of this was done from assorted books, literature, and research repapers. Some trouble was encountered in the hunt of suited energy imitating tool for the intent of energy simulation of the selected instance surveies. Finally â€Å" eQuest † was selected for energy simulation tool ; as it is really effectual for constructing energy simulation with friendly graphical user interface. A elaborate survey is carried out with the aid of the user ‘s manual to understand the package before its application on the instance surveies. An country in Lahore is identified for the choice of instance surveies. Two office edifices were selected on the footing of research aims. A field study was besides carried out to analyze the selected countries of the metropolis of Lahore The energy simulation procedure requires a informations aggregation from all related advisers of the selected edifices. Before the choice of a instance survey it was really of import that all concerned informations required for the package â€Å" eQuest † should be available from the related advisers. How to cite Importance Of Energy Efficiency In Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Orv Madden and Hot Topic free essay sample

In the 80s when MTV was a big thing to the teenagers and young adults with playing modern music and culture, Madden saw that there could be a large market for music influenced apparel and accessories which was being largely overlooked by many national stores. He decided to see if he could capture this market. In 1989 Hot Topic was founded. In a very risky move on his part Madden put all of their savings into starting the first store. This store sold t-shirts with logos of popular bands, music posters and trendy costume jewelry. The store is described as catering to the alternative culture and keeping up with the quick changing tastes of teenagers. The store broke even in the first year. In the next few years Madden raised over $11 million from investors wanting in on this market. With this money Madden started other stores throughout the country still following the â€Å"Gothic†- style lighting that shocked parent and delighted kids. Hot Topics target consumers are kids 12 to 22 years old. Their merchandise is t-shirts, pants, makeup, and jewelry meant to go anywhere but ones ear lobes. Many people thought that Hot Topic would fail because it was based on the trends and tastes of punk or alternative teenagers which changed rapidly. Madden thought about this a lot. He bought a 45,000 foot warehouse for his distribution space and his management team. They employed dozens of buyers who were responsible for keeping up with music and teen fashion. The atmosphere at the headquarters was open and he kept the hierarchy to a minimum. There were no cubicles, no dress code and the entire area was covered with huge video screens playing the newest music videos throughout the day. This was and is totally different from the offices of then and now. This openness is a big part on the companys success and rapid growth. Madden encouraged the employees to take an active role in the development and introduction of new ideas for the company. He would even pay for the ticket to any concert a sales person desired to attend if they would write up a fashion report the following day. This was a very effective way of keeping up with the trends of teens and young adults in any region. By 1996 Hot Topic had opened almost 80 locations nationwide and had sales over $44 million. In May of 1996 Hot Topic started selling stock in the company. Madden retained 30 percent ownership in the company which a year later was valued at over $100 million. In 1997 there were only 79 Hot Topic stores by the end on the next year they had almost double that to 128 locations. This is also the time that Hot Topic undertook the introduction of its own label, which was called Morbid, they produced everything from t-shirts to make-up. Since the majority of the sales consisted on the music-inspired products of t-shirts with band logos to CDs, Hot Topic decided to develop a licensing agreement with the major distributors as Sony Music and Winterland. This allowed them to have a very quick access to popular product lines and logos. They also started selling items that were hooked to the controversial sitcom â€Å"South Park†. Today there are over 690 store locations across the United States and Puerto Rico. The majority of these are still located in shopping malls. They now specialize in music and pop-culture-related fashion and merchandise including: clothing, boos, comics, video games, jewelry, CDs, records, posters, and many other items. They also back major concert festival like Ozzfest and The Rockstar Energy Drink Mayhem Festival. They also offer products from Tripp NYC, Heartcore Clothing, Morbid Threads, Disney, Iron Fist, and My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic just to name a few. Some major brands have allowed Hot Topic to release their concert wear to the general public before they appear on television or at concerts wearing them. The stores have even held what they call in-store â€Å"listening parties† where fans could hear new albums or singles before they were released. They have also branched out to have more merchandise from films and television shows hoping to reach yet another part of the ever changing teenage taste. Always looking for any market that they might be missing, Hot Topic owns and operates a chain of plus-size clothing stores. These stores offer more clubwear and workwear for the young plus-sized woman. This plus-size clothing chain is called Torrid which began it operations in 2001. Since the beginning of the first Hot Topic store they have had very little turnover in their top management. Orv Madden opened the first store in 1988 and retired as CEO in 2000. He was replaced by Betsy McLaughlin, who was the CEO until 2011. The CEO in now Lisa Harper who took over in March of 2011. This low rate of turnover is very helpful in the success of the company. Approximately 30 percent of Hot Topics revenue comes from the sale of licensed band t-shirts. Hot Topic also is an online retailer. Again this is reaching a sector on the population that is not close to a Hot Topic store. So far it seems like Hot Topic is just out to make money for the company and their investors but it is much more. In 2004 the Hot Topic Foundation was formed. This foundation focus on encouraging children and youth in the pursuit of music and the arts. It has granted approximately $4 million to more that 70 organizations throughout the U. S. Recipients have included the Chicago International Childrens Film Festival, Little Kids Rock, Heart of Los Angeles, MIND Institute, the Chicago Humanities Festival, Rock Against Cancer, Inner-City Arts, Big Thought, IFP Chicago, Spy Hop Productions, Footlights Inc. , Carolina Studios Corporation and the KIPP Bayview Academy. Money is raised through sales of guitar picks , exclusive music compilations, mints, and reusable shopping bags. Hot Topic began that foundation because they saw what all of these diseases were doing to the people of the world. So in their reaction to that the started the foundation to see if they would be able to help fund to be able to find a cure. Each store sells Brest cancer bracelets and also pink guitar picks that have the ribbon on them so then that money goes just to finding the cure of breast cancer. In 2010 Hot Topic finally went international and opened two stores in Canada. Keeping up with the original store they are both in shopping malls. Orv Madden and Hot Topic is a great example of a company that had every right to fail. No matter if the economy was good or bad they still seem to keep going and making a profit. I account this to the idea of keeping the upper management to a minimum and doing everything that they can to stay on top of the ever changing tastes of the modern youth.